[PATCH v2 5/7] iommu/dma: Allow a single FQ in addition to per-CPU FQs

From: Niklas Schnelle
Date: Wed Nov 16 2022 - 12:17:29 EST

In some virtualized environments, including s390 paged memory guests,
IOTLB flushes are used to update IOMMU shadow tables. Due to this, they
are much more expensive than in typical bare metal environments or
non-paged s390 guests. In addition they may parallelize more poorly in
virtualized environments. This changes the trade off for flushing IOVAs
such that minimizing the number of IOTLB flushes trumps any benefit of
cheaper queuing operations or increased paralellism.

In this scenario per-CPU flush queues pose several problems. Firstly
per-CPU memory is often quite limited prohibiting larger queues.
Secondly collecting IOVAs per-CPU but flushing via a global timeout
reduces the number of IOVAs flushed for each timeout especially on s390
where PCI interrupts are not bound to a specific CPU.

Thus let's introduce a single flush queue mode IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ that
reuses the same queue logic but only allocates a single global queue
allowing larger batches of IOVAs to be freed at once and with larger
timeouts. This is based on an idea by Robin Murphy to allow the common
IOVA flushing code to more closely resemble the global flush behavior
used on s390's previous internal DMA API implementation.

Link: https://lore.kernel.org/linux-iommu/3e402947-61f9-b7e8-1414-fde006257b6f@xxxxxxx/
Signed-off-by: Niklas Schnelle <schnelle@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
---
drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c | 146 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---------
drivers/iommu/iommu.c | 15 +++-
drivers/iommu/s390-iommu.c | 11 +++
include/linux/iommu.h | 7 ++
4 files changed, 140 insertions(+), 39 deletions(-)

diff --git a/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
index 9297b741f5e8..1cdbf8579946 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/dma-iommu.c
@@ -48,8 +48,11 @@ struct iommu_dma_cookie {
/* Full allocator for IOMMU_DMA_IOVA_COOKIE */
struct {
struct iova_domain iovad;
-
- struct iova_fq __percpu *fq; /* Flush queue */
+ /* Flush queue */
+ union {
+ struct iova_fq *single_fq;
+ struct iova_fq __percpu *percpu_fq;
+ };
/* Number of TLB flushes that have been started */
atomic64_t fq_flush_start_cnt;
/* Number of TLB flushes that have been finished */
@@ -151,25 +154,44 @@ static void fq_flush_iotlb(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
atomic64_inc(&cookie->fq_flush_finish_cnt);
}

-static void fq_flush_timeout(struct timer_list *t)
+static void fq_flush_percpu(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
{
- struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie = from_timer(cookie, t, fq_timer);
int cpu;

- atomic_set(&cookie->fq_timer_on, 0);
- fq_flush_iotlb(cookie);
-
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
unsigned long flags;
struct iova_fq *fq;

- fq = per_cpu_ptr(cookie->fq, cpu);
+ fq = per_cpu_ptr(cookie->percpu_fq, cpu);
spin_lock_irqsave(&fq->lock, flags);
fq_ring_free(cookie, fq);
spin_unlock_irqrestore(&fq->lock, flags);
}
}

+static void fq_flush_single(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
+{
+ struct iova_fq *fq = cookie->single_fq;
+ unsigned long flags;
+
+ spin_lock_irqsave(&fq->lock, flags);
+ fq_ring_free(cookie, fq);
+ spin_unlock_irqrestore(&fq->lock, flags);
+}
+
+static void fq_flush_timeout(struct timer_list *t)
+{
+ struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie = from_timer(cookie, t, fq_timer);
+
+ atomic_set(&cookie->fq_timer_on, 0);
+ fq_flush_iotlb(cookie);
+
+ if (cookie->fq_domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+ fq_flush_percpu(cookie);
+ else
+ fq_flush_single(cookie);
+}
+
static void queue_iova(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie,
unsigned long pfn, unsigned long pages,
struct list_head *freelist)
@@ -187,7 +209,11 @@ static void queue_iova(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie,
*/
smp_mb();

- fq = raw_cpu_ptr(cookie->fq);
+ if (cookie->fq_domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+ fq = raw_cpu_ptr(cookie->percpu_fq);
+ else
+ fq = cookie->single_fq;
+
spin_lock_irqsave(&fq->lock, flags);

/*
@@ -218,31 +244,91 @@ static void queue_iova(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie,
jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(IOVA_FQ_TIMEOUT));
}

-static void iommu_dma_free_fq(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
+static void iommu_dma_free_fq_single(struct iova_fq *fq)
{
- int cpu, idx;
+ int idx;

- if (!cookie->fq)
+ if (!fq)
return;
+ fq_ring_for_each(idx, fq)
+ put_pages_list(&fq->entries[idx].freelist);
+ vfree(fq);
+}
+
+static void iommu_dma_free_fq_percpu(struct iova_fq __percpu *percpu_fq)
+{
+ int cpu, idx;

- del_timer_sync(&cookie->fq_timer);
/* The IOVAs will be torn down separately, so just free our queued pages */
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
- struct iova_fq *fq = per_cpu_ptr(cookie->fq, cpu);
+ struct iova_fq *fq = per_cpu_ptr(percpu_fq, cpu);

fq_ring_for_each(idx, fq)
put_pages_list(&fq->entries[idx].freelist);
}

- free_percpu(cookie->fq);
+ free_percpu(percpu_fq);
+}
+
+static void iommu_dma_free_fq(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
+{
+ if (!cookie->fq_domain)
+ return;
+
+ del_timer_sync(&cookie->fq_timer);
+ if (cookie->fq_domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+ iommu_dma_free_fq_percpu(cookie->percpu_fq);
+ else
+ iommu_dma_free_fq_single(cookie->single_fq);
+}
+
+
+static void iommu_dma_init_one_fq(struct iova_fq *fq)
+{
+ int i;
+
+ fq->head = 0;
+ fq->tail = 0;
+
+ spin_lock_init(&fq->lock);
+
+ for (i = 0; i < IOVA_FQ_SIZE; i++)
+ INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fq->entries[i].freelist);
+}
+
+static int iommu_dma_init_fq_single(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
+{
+ struct iova_fq *queue;
+
+ queue = vzalloc(sizeof(*queue));
+ if (!queue)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+ iommu_dma_init_one_fq(queue);
+ cookie->single_fq = queue;
+
+ return 0;
+}
+
+static int iommu_dma_init_fq_percpu(struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie)
+{
+ struct iova_fq __percpu *queue;
+ int cpu;
+
+ queue = alloc_percpu(struct iova_fq);
+ if (!queue)
+ return -ENOMEM;
+
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ iommu_dma_init_one_fq(per_cpu_ptr(queue, cpu));
+ cookie->percpu_fq = queue;
+ return 0;
}

/* sysfs updates are serialised by the mutex of the group owning @domain */
int iommu_dma_init_fq(struct iommu_domain *domain)
{
struct iommu_dma_cookie *cookie = domain->iova_cookie;
- struct iova_fq __percpu *queue;
- int i, cpu;
+ int rc;

if (cookie->fq_domain)
return 0;
@@ -250,26 +336,16 @@ int iommu_dma_init_fq(struct iommu_domain *domain)
atomic64_set(&cookie->fq_flush_start_cnt, 0);
atomic64_set(&cookie->fq_flush_finish_cnt, 0);

- queue = alloc_percpu(struct iova_fq);
- if (!queue) {
- pr_warn("iova flush queue initialization failed\n");
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
-
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
- struct iova_fq *fq = per_cpu_ptr(queue, cpu);
-
- fq->head = 0;
- fq->tail = 0;
-
- spin_lock_init(&fq->lock);
+ if (domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+ rc = iommu_dma_init_fq_percpu(cookie);
+ else
+ rc = iommu_dma_init_fq_single(cookie);

- for (i = 0; i < IOVA_FQ_SIZE; i++)
- INIT_LIST_HEAD(&fq->entries[i].freelist);
+ if (rc) {
+ pr_warn("iova flush queue initialization failed\n");
+ return rc;
}

- cookie->fq = queue;
-
timer_setup(&cookie->fq_timer, fq_flush_timeout, 0);
atomic_set(&cookie->fq_timer_on, 0);
/*
@@ -583,7 +659,7 @@ static int iommu_dma_init_domain(struct iommu_domain *domain, dma_addr_t base,
goto done_unlock;

/* If the FQ fails we can simply fall back to strict mode */
- if (domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ && iommu_dma_init_fq(domain))
+ if (!!(domain->type & __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ) && iommu_dma_init_fq(domain))
domain->type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA;

ret = iova_reserve_iommu_regions(dev, domain);
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
index d9bf94d198df..8d57c4a4c394 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/iommu.c
@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ static const char *iommu_domain_type_str(unsigned int t)
return "Unmanaged";
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA:
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ:
+ case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ:
return "Translated";
default:
return "Unknown";
@@ -437,7 +438,7 @@ early_param("iommu.strict", iommu_dma_setup);
void iommu_set_dma_strict(void)
{
iommu_dma_strict = true;
- if (iommu_def_domain_type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+ if (iommu_def_domain_type & __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
iommu_def_domain_type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA;
}

@@ -638,6 +639,9 @@ static ssize_t iommu_group_show_type(struct iommu_group *group,
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ:
type = "DMA-FQ\n";
break;
+ case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ:
+ type = "DMA-SQ\n";
+ break;
}
}
mutex_unlock(&group->mutex);
@@ -2912,10 +2916,10 @@ static int iommu_change_dev_def_domain(struct iommu_group *group,
}

/* We can bring up a flush queue without tearing down the domain */
- if (type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ && prev_dom->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA) {
+ if (!!(type & __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ) && prev_dom->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA) {
ret = iommu_dma_init_fq(prev_dom);
if (!ret)
- prev_dom->type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ;
+ prev_dom->type = type;
goto out;
}

@@ -2986,6 +2990,8 @@ static ssize_t iommu_group_store_type(struct iommu_group *group,
req_type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "DMA-FQ"))
req_type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ;
+ else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "DMA-SQ"))
+ req_type = IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ;
else if (sysfs_streq(buf, "auto"))
req_type = 0;
else
@@ -3037,7 +3043,8 @@ static ssize_t iommu_group_store_type(struct iommu_group *group,

/* Check if the device in the group still has a driver bound to it */
device_lock(dev);
- if (device_is_bound(dev) && !(req_type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ &&
+ if (device_is_bound(dev) && !((req_type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ ||
+ req_type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ) &&
group->default_domain->type == IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA)) {
pr_err_ratelimited("Device is still bound to driver\n");
ret = -EBUSY;
diff --git a/drivers/iommu/s390-iommu.c b/drivers/iommu/s390-iommu.c
index 9fd788d64ac8..087bb2acff30 100644
--- a/drivers/iommu/s390-iommu.c
+++ b/drivers/iommu/s390-iommu.c
@@ -325,6 +325,15 @@ static bool s390_iommu_capable(struct device *dev, enum iommu_cap cap)
}
}

+static int s390_iommu_def_domain_type(struct device *dev)
+{
+ struct zpci_dev *zdev = to_zpci_dev(dev);
+
+ if (zdev->tlb_refresh)
+ return IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ;
+ return IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ;
+}
+
static struct iommu_domain *s390_domain_alloc(unsigned domain_type)
{
struct s390_domain *s390_domain;
@@ -332,6 +341,7 @@ static struct iommu_domain *s390_domain_alloc(unsigned domain_type)
switch (domain_type) {
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA:
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ:
+ case IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ:
case IOMMU_DOMAIN_UNMANAGED:
break;
default:
@@ -773,6 +783,7 @@ subsys_initcall(s390_iommu_init);

static const struct iommu_ops s390_iommu_ops = {
.capable = s390_iommu_capable,
+ .def_domain_type = s390_iommu_def_domain_type,
.domain_alloc = s390_domain_alloc,
.probe_device = s390_iommu_probe_device,
.probe_finalize = s390_iommu_probe_finalize,
diff --git a/include/linux/iommu.h b/include/linux/iommu.h
index 3c9da1f8979e..be4f461df5ab 100644
--- a/include/linux/iommu.h
+++ b/include/linux/iommu.h
@@ -63,6 +63,7 @@ struct iommu_domain_geometry {
implementation */
#define __IOMMU_DOMAIN_PT (1U << 2) /* Domain is identity mapped */
#define __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ (1U << 3) /* DMA-API uses flush queue */
+#define __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ (1U << 4) /* DMA-API uses single queue */

/*
* This are the possible domain-types
@@ -77,6 +78,8 @@ struct iommu_domain_geometry {
* certain optimizations for these domains
* IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ - As above, but definitely using batched TLB
* invalidation.
+ * IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ - As above, but batched TLB validations use
+ * single global queue
*/
#define IOMMU_DOMAIN_BLOCKED (0U)
#define IOMMU_DOMAIN_IDENTITY (__IOMMU_DOMAIN_PT)
@@ -86,6 +89,10 @@ struct iommu_domain_geometry {
#define IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ (__IOMMU_DOMAIN_PAGING | \
__IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_API | \
__IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ)
+#define IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ (__IOMMU_DOMAIN_PAGING | \
+ __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_API | \
+ __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_FQ | \
+ __IOMMU_DOMAIN_DMA_SQ)

struct iommu_domain {
unsigned type;
--
2.34.1